Let's say, even less willingly than the feudal elite of France and England. Because the power of the Emperor-king was weak, their military obligations the feudal elite performed not too happy.
That is, the peasantry in some States of Germany for a long time played a role on the battlefield, and many of these soldiers, peasants were serfs, but it was in the cavalry.
Graham Turner.įirst of all, the feature of the "German armed forces" of the middle Ages, or rather of a period, was the presence in them of large, but often ill-trained and poorly armed contingents of infantry which has not been neither in England nor in France. So, for example, we have to distinguish Italy in a separate region and to consider what her land had to do with knighthood, apart from processes in the Northern territory. This, in turn, have had profound political and military consequences. However, since the middle of the XII century, the value of the power of the Emperor as king of Germany have plummeted, and local separatism, on the contrary, strengthened. These borders for many years remained largely unchanged, with the exception of the annexation of Pomerania and Polish Silesia and, temporarily, some of the Baltic regions ruled by the Teutonic knights in the XIII century. Denied the divinity of the stigmata on the palms, because they believed that Christ could not be nailed to the cross, therefore, and had to hammer in nails in the wrist! Perhaps the most unusual and enlightened monarch of Europe in his time. Picture of Emperor Frederick II from his book "De arte venandi cum avibus" ("On the art of hunting with birds"), the end of the XIII century. Only 1135 year it includes more and the Kingdom of the Czech Republic, legal status of which was, however, resolved only in 1212). It was created in 962 the German king Otto I the Great, but from the beginning it had a decentralized public education, and even the power of the Emperor it was not hereditary but elective! However, by the year 1134 in the Holy Roman Empire, there were three kingdoms: Germany, Italy and Burgundy. And in XII–XIII centuries it consisted of four States: the Kingdom of Germany, Kingdom of Bohemia and Moravia, the Kingdom of Burgundy, or Arles, and the Kingdom of Italy, including the Papal States. That's faith, faith was common to all, and it alone for the time being and rallied this state Association. First of all, because this Empire was never unified nor on ethnic or social grounds. Actually this is a very simplified interpretation of the historical situation. And if the Germans, the crusaders, and the crusaders – this we know from the film "Alexander Nevsky", was that was at war with Novgorod and Pskov. Translation Of Vladimir Mikushevich.)įor us, the Holy Roman Empire is Germany always.
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